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The Al-Karmah offensive (2015), named ''Fajr al-Karma'',〔(MoD: Iraqi army kills 14 terrorists, dismantles 95 IEDs in al-Karma District )〕 was an offensive launched by the Iraqi Army and anti-ISIL Sunni tribal fighters to recapture the Al-Karmah district taken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq. The offensive began on 14 April 2015. During the offensive the anti-ISIL forces captured part of the city of Al-Karmah,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/iraqi-forces-advance-against-daesh-stronghold-west-anbar-province-687130 )〕 and the old road of Al-Karmah.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/iraqi-army-recaptures-some-areas-from-daesh-in-anbar-province-685892 )〕 In response to the Iraqi state offensive, ISIL launched a counterattack in the region, attacking Ramadi, capturing three nearby villages on 15 April,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sfgate.com/world/article/Islamic-State-opens-major-offensive-in-Iraq-s-6202569.php )〕 and taking control of the Tharthar Dam on 24 April.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/25/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-idUSKBN0NG0GF20150425?irpc=932 )〕 By 15 May ISIS had taken control over the Iraqi government headquarters in Ramadi.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/16/world/middleeast/isis-fighters-seize-government-headquarters-in-ramadi-iraq.html?_r=0 )〕 The ISIL attack on Ramadi prompted 114,000 people to flee the region, according to UN officials, increasing the total number of refugees from Anbar since 2014 to over 400,000 people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/over-114000-flee-fighting-in-iraqs-ramadi-area-un_31613 )〕 ==Background== The Anbar Province in western Iraq is the country's largest and most sparsely populated province. Most of the population live in the major cities, like Ramadi and Fallujah, and almost everyone else in the region lives within a short distance of the Euphrates River, which snakes from Baghdad through the Syrian Border. The largely Sunni population in Anbar was a stronghold for the Iraqi resistance during the US occupation of Iraq (2003–2011). After the Fallujah killings of April 2003 and the disbandment of the Iraqi army on 25 May 2003, many Sunni locals turned against the American occupiers. The disbandment put hundreds of thousands of Anbaris out of work as many were members of the Army or the party, and viewed its disbanding as an act of contempt towards the Iraqi people. By 2004, the province was in full-scale revolt. Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) became the province's main Sunni insurgent group, and turned the provincial capital of Ramadi into its stronghold. Several battles, like Battle of Ramadi (2004), First Battle of Fallujah (April 2004), Second Battle of Fallujah (November -December 2004), Second Battle of Ramadi (2006), ravaged the region as the Iraqi insurgents struggled against the American occupiers for control of Anbar. During the first four years of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the Anbar Province was the deadliest province for American service members, claiming approximately one-third of American fatalities.〔(Video: Corps Report Episode 54 )〕 Part of its significance came from the fact that the western Euphrates River Valley served as an important infiltration route for foreign fighters headed to Iraq’s heartland from Syria.〔 In August 2006, several tribes located near Ramadi, led by Sheikh Abdul Sattar Abu Risha, revolted against AQI. The tribes launched the Anbar Awakening and helped turn the tide against the insurgents. American and Iraqi tribal forces regained control of Ramadi in early 2007, as well as other cities such as Hīt, Haditha, and Rutbah. In June 2007, the U.S. turned its attention to eastern Anbar Province and secured the cities of Fallujah and Al-Karmah. After the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq in 2011, the region was in 2014 run over by ISIL forces making Anbar their stronghold in Iraq. By late June 2014, at least 70% of the Anbar Province was under ISIS control, including the cities of Fallujah,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al Qaeda-linked militants capture Fallujah during violent outbreak )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraq's Fallujah falls to Qaeda militants as 65 killed )〕 Al-Qa'im,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Militants kill 21 Iraqi leaders, capture 2 border crossings )〕 Abu Ghraib, and half of Ramadi.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islamic State overruns Camp Speicher, routs Iraqi forces )〕 As a response to the ISIL takeover, the Iraqi government, in coordination with American and Iranian forces, launched an international campaign against ISIL, which includes the Anbar offensive. At the onset of the offensive, the Iraqi Government's only foothold in the densely-populated part of the province was in Ramadi, the capital of the Anbar Province, while ISIL militants controlled the outskirts of the city, as well as the majority of the region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Karmah offensive (2015)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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